Paramedic National Registry Practice

Which infection is most detrimental to an unborn fetus?

1. Cytomegalovirus

2. Syphilis

3. Rubella

4. Toxoplasmosis

The correct answer is: Rubella

While each of the infections listed can indeed affect an unborn fetus in significant ways, rubella is particularly notable for its potential to cause severe congenital defects and complications when contracted during pregnancy. If a mother is infected with rubella in the first trimester, the risks to the fetus are particularly high, leading to conditions collectively known as congenital rubella syndrome. This syndrome can result in a range of serious outcomes, including heart defects, cataracts, hearing impairments, and developmental delays. The critical importance of vaccination against rubella prior to conception and during preconception care emphasizes its potential impact on fetal health. While the other infections listed also pose risks to the fetus, the wide spectrum of severe consequences associated with rubella, especially at early stages of pregnancy, makes it a significant concern in obstetric care. Understanding the specific risks associated with each infection helps healthcare providers in implementing preventive measures and managing pregnancies affected by these conditions.