Paramedic National Registry Practice

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What condition results from excessive pressure in a closed compartment after a crush injury?

Renal failure
Compartment syndrome
Shock liver
Osteomyelitis

The correct answer is: Compartment syndrome

Compartment syndrome occurs when excessive pressure builds up within a closed anatomical space (or compartment), leading to a decrease in blood flow and subsequent tissue ischemia. In the context of a crush injury, the muscle tissue and nerves within a compartment can become compromised due to swelling from inflammation and bleeding. This increased pressure disrupts the normal perfusion of blood, which is essential for delivering oxygen and nutrients to tissues. As the condition progresses, it can lead to severe complications such as muscle necrosis and permanent functional impairment of the affected limb. Prompt recognition and treatment, which may include surgical intervention (fasciotomy), are crucial to prevent irreversible damage. In contrast to other conditions mentioned, such as renal failure or shock liver, compartment syndrome is specifically related to the mechanical and physiological responses to trauma and pressure within a confined space.