Paramedic National Registry Practice

What condition arises from the complications of a crush injury?

1. Hypovolemic shock

2. Compartment syndrome

3. Cardiac arrest

4. Cerebral edema

The correct answer is: Compartment syndrome

Compartment syndrome arises from the complications of a crush injury due to increased pressure within a closed muscle compartment. When a crush injury occurs, there can be damage to the muscle tissues, leading to swelling and inflammation. This swelling can restrict blood flow and cause increased pressure within the compartment, which may compromise blood supply and lead to severe tissue damage. In physiology, each compartment in the body, particularly in the limbs, is surrounded by fascia—a tough connective tissue that does not expand easily. When pressure within a compartment exceeds the perfusion pressure, it leads to ischemia (lack of oxygen) and can result in muscle and nerve damage if not addressed promptly. Symptoms of compartment syndrome include severe pain, pallor, paralysis, and pulselessness in the affected limb. Understanding the nature of crush injuries and their potential complications is critical in emergency medical services, as timely recognition and intervention are essential to prevent long-term damage or loss of function in the affected extremity.